Adv Science

Image: Live Science Summary: The muscular system consists of skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle and smooth muscle. Skeletal muscle works by pulling on your bones or skeleton, hence the name. The smooth muscles aid in digestion and cardiac muscles allow you heart to beat. Skeletal muscles work voluntarily while the others don't. Your muscle fibers work together to allow your body to perform all actions needed. The cardiovascular system transports food and oxygen throughout your body. In addition, it gets rid of waste through the blood. The circulatory system is powered by the heart and covers your entire body. Blood vessels carry blood to the heart and veins carry blood away from the heart. The nervous system controls thinking, moving, hearing and more. It uses information from yourself and the world around you to command your body and tell it what to do. This system is made up of the brain, spinal cord, and nerves. The nervous system can perform functions without you having to

Image: Kids Right To Know Summary: A mutation is a change in genetic material, to be more specific a nucleic acid. Both internal and external factors can cause mutations. An example of and external factor would be radiation or chemicals. An internal factor would be a mess while DNA was replicating. Mutations are completely random. The result can be helpful, harmful, or neutral. Gene mutations can be cause by substitution, insertion, or deletion. Substitution is when there is a wrong base match. Insertion is when a base is added. Deletion is when a base is deleted. Insertion and deletion are definitely more dangerous than substitution. Chromosome mutations include duplication, deletion, inversion, and translocation. Duplication is when there are extra copies of chromosomes. Deletion is when a piece of chromosome breaks off. Inversion is when a chromosome is reversed or flipped. Translocation is when a piece of chromosome breaks off and attaches to another chromosome. S&EP

Image: Wikimedia Commons Summary:  DNA, deoxyribonucleic acids, are sets of instructions for the cell. DNA uses four letters, A,T,C and G to write blueprints for the cell. Genes are the directions to make proteins that make our bodies function. Genes are made of DNA. Chromosomes are compact units that hold genes. There are forty-six chromosomes in one cell. Each child gets twenty-three chromosomes from each parent giving them one full set. A trait is an observable characteristic. There are physical and behavioral traits, as well as predisposition to a medical condition. An allele is one of two or more forms of a trait. Homozygous means having two of the same allele of a trait while heterozygous is having on of each allele for a trait. S&EP-Using Models: After determining what traits the offspring of my superhero and villain would supposedly receive we had to make a drawing. This drawing had to represent the child at any age of childhood. In my case it