Adv Science

Image: Wikipedia Summary: The energy pyramid shows how energy moves from one living organism to another. Each time you move up the pyramid only 10 percent of energy transfers. For example, grass makes its own food and has 100% of its energy. A rabbit hops along a munches on the grass. The rabbit has 10% of the grasses energy. A hungry fox comes and eats the rabbit. The fox then has 1% of the grasses energy. Producers are living organisms that make their own food, such as plants. On the other hand consumers are living organism that consume other living organisms to survive. Humans lie atop the energy pyramid with plants at the bottom. Plant are the foundation of the pyramid because they do not need to consume other living organisms. As you may notice, the pyramid gets a smaller area at each level as you go higher. This is because there needs to be a larger amount of plants and less predators. Everything above plants needs it to survive and so on until the top. Nothing really eats...

Image: My Project Summary: A genotype is a combination of alleles while the phenotype is the trait seen based on the genotype. Each parent only passes on one gene each. Each gene distributes itself randomly. Gregor Mendel figured out that genes we passed down in ratios. For example, when two hybrids are crossed the child will have three out of four chance to show the dominant gene and one out of four chance to show the recessive gene. A mutation is a change in genetic material, to be more specific a nucleic acid. They are completely random and can be helpful, harmful, or neutral. When creating a GMO you need to insert a new piece of DNA. A new gene can be placed in a bacteria called a plasmid. The plasmid is cut with a restriction enzyme and after the DNA is placed it is stitched up with a DNA lisage. Backward-Looking: How much did you know about the subject before we started? I did not know anything about the topic before we started this project except what the sixth...

Image: immortal-jellyfish.com Summary: Timeless, my superhero, has the powers of the immortal jellyfish. The immortal jellyfish can turn into any stage f maturity when it wishes. It does this because all its cells are like stem cells which can become any cell. For example, a nerve cell can become a skin cell. This entire unit covered genetics which is a very complex topic. DNA are made up of four letters and are the blueprint of your cells, while genes are the directions to make proteins. Chromosomes are small units that hold your genes. A trait is a characteristic and an allele is one of two or more forms of a trait. A genotype is a combination of alleles and a phenotype is the trait seen based on the genotype. A mutation is a change in genetic material and can be caused by and external or internal factor. A GMO is when DNA is added to an organism to combine species that would not naturally occur. S&EP-Models: Going back and finishing up my superhero work that I hadn't...

Image: Live Science Summary: The muscular system consists of skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle and smooth muscle. Skeletal muscle works by pulling on your bones or skeleton, hence the name. The smooth muscles aid in digestion and cardiac muscles allow you heart to beat. Skeletal muscles work voluntarily while the others don't. Your muscle fibers work together to allow your body to perform all actions needed. The cardiovascular system transports food and oxygen throughout your body. In addition, it gets rid of waste through the blood. The circulatory system is powered by the heart and covers your entire body. Blood vessels carry blood to the heart and veins carry blood away from the heart. The nervous system controls thinking, moving, hearing and more. It uses information from yourself and the world around you to command your body and tell it what to do. This system is made up of the brain, spinal cord, and nerves. The nervous system can perform functions without you having to...

Image: Kids Right To Know Summary: A mutation is a change in genetic material, to be more specific a nucleic acid. Both internal and external factors can cause mutations. An example of and external factor would be radiation or chemicals. An internal factor would be a mess while DNA was replicating. Mutations are completely random. The result can be helpful, harmful, or neutral. Gene mutations can be cause by substitution, insertion, or deletion. Substitution is when there is a wrong base match. Insertion is when a base is added. Deletion is when a base is deleted. Insertion and deletion are definitely more dangerous than substitution. Chromosome mutations include duplication, deletion, inversion, and translocation. Duplication is when there are extra copies of chromosomes. Deletion is when a piece of chromosome breaks off. Inversion is when a chromosome is reversed or flipped. Translocation is when a piece of chromosome breaks off and attaches to another chromosome. S&EP...

Image: Wikimedia Commons Summary:  DNA, deoxyribonucleic acids, are sets of instructions for the cell. DNA uses four letters, A,T,C and G to write blueprints for the cell. Genes are the directions to make proteins that make our bodies function. Genes are made of DNA. Chromosomes are compact units that hold genes. There are forty-six chromosomes in one cell. Each child gets twenty-three chromosomes from each parent giving them one full set. A trait is an observable characteristic. There are physical and behavioral traits, as well as predisposition to a medical condition. An allele is one of two or more forms of a trait. Homozygous means having two of the same allele of a trait while heterozygous is having on of each allele for a trait. S&EP-Using Models: After determining what traits the offspring of my superhero and villain would supposedly receive we had to make a drawing. This drawing had to represent the child at any age of childhood. In my case...

Image: Summary: Something I learned a lot on this year compared to others was the charity statistics. Charity statistics is not only how much your charity gets in revenue, but how much the spend on awareness, the program, or the employees. For example on average our charity gives 94 cents of every dollar it makes towards the program. The 6 cents go to overhead which include administrative costs. In addition to that I now know that charities can go over their revenue that year if the have money from previous years to fall back on or use. In 2014 our charity had collected  $3,716,755. The spent $3,732,410 on the program and $231,443 on other expenses. They did go over, but if you take a look at the year before that, 2013 you can see the collected $5,648,895. That year they spent  $3,679,701 on the program and  $210,408 on other expenses. During our annual charity fair I really got to understand how charities use their money. Backward-Looking: How much did you k...